SYBMS/BRM/08/Format for Project Proposal

Format for Project Proposal
Roll No
Name
Topic
I.            Objective of the study	To study , To understand, To identify, To suggest
II.            Key Issues	1.                 2.              3.                4
III.            Hypothesis	1)      Gender of the respondents does not influence the perception towards____________ 2)      Age of the respondents does not influence the perception towards____________ 3)      Experience of the respondents does not influence the perception towards____________ 4)      Qualification of the respondents does not influence the perception towards____________ 5)      The business sector does not influence the study factor______________ 6)      The Profitability of the organization does not influence the study factor______________ 7)      The business period does not influence the study factor______________
IV.            Research Type, Process and design	Ø  Applied research or Basic research: Applied research: Is to solve a current problem faced by the manager in the work setting, demanding a timely solution. Basic research (fundamental, pure) is to generate a body of knowledge by trying to comprehend how certain problems that occur in organizations can be solved.  Ø  The research process  : 1 Observation  2 Data gathering  3 Problem definition  4 Theoretical framework (variables identified) 5 Hypotheses  6 Research design  7 Data collection, analysis, interpretation  8 Deduction  9 Report writing  10 Report presentation  11 Managerial decision making
V.            Research Design
1)      Purpose of study	1)      Descriptive study is to able to describe the characteristics of the variables of interest in a situation. 2)      Hypotheses testing: Is undertaken to explain the variance in the dependent variable or to predict organizational outcomes. 3)      Case studies
2)      Data Collection	Primary data and secondary data; Data collection methods used:  interview, Questionnaires
3)      Sampling method	Sample is a subset of the population.  Sample is the process of selecting a sufficient number of elements from the population.  Studying a sample rather the entire population is sometimes to lead to more reliable results, mostly because fatigue is reduced, resulting in fewer errors on collection data. (time, cost, human resources); Convenient sampling/Judgmental sampling/Area sampling/Cluster sampling
4)      Data analysis and interpretation	The data analysis involves three major steps, done in roughly this order: 1)      Cleaning and organizing the data for analysis (Data Preparation)  2)      Describing the data (Descriptive Statistics): provide simple summaries about the sample and the measures. Central Tendency & Dispersion; we use descriptive statistics simply to describe what's going on in our data. 3)      Testing Hypotheses and Models (Inferential Statistics):t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), regression analysis, Correlation is a measure of the relation between two or more variables. We use inferential statistics to make judgments of the probability that an observed difference between groups. Thus, we use inferential statistics to make inferences from our data to more general conditions
VI.            Variables identified based on literature review	1.         2.         3.         4.         5.         6.         7.         8.         9.         10.     11.

SYBMS/BRM/07/Preparing project report

After collecting the necessary information from primary and secondary sources, substantial number of visits to select companies / organizations and administering questionnaire / interview schedules, if any, the students are advised to discuss with their project guides for necessary directions on how to analyze the data. Based on the project guide’s advice, carryout necessary tabulation of data, application of statistical tools, testing of hypotheses if any, and then prepare a plan of chapterization to prepare a project report. Your compliance with the following format, may enrich the quality of the report. Please refer to your research methodology course material for deeper details.

i.                    Chapter i: Introduction/ Background of the problem under study : (company profile/ industry trends etc)  This chapter may contain a concise conditions of the problem under study preliminary from macro economy dimension to micro inclination, up to date developments in the given characteristic under study. Brief review on different studies/ review of literature on this theme may add prosperity to the work. For case studies, a brief profile of the company / industry should be given

ii.                  Chapter ii: Review of literature

iii.                Chapter iii: objectives and methodology : This chapter should hold the objectives of the study, methodology and sample selection, research design, period of the study, sources of data, tools of data collection, statistical analysis, broad hypotheses put for testing, limitations, etc. Further, the technical terms used in the study, a priori relationships expected between the variables, models intended to be developed / tested are to be specific in this chapter.

·         Population and Sampling unit

·         Sampling method

·         Data collection method

·         Type of questionnaire

·         Type of questions

iv.                Chapter iv and v: empirical results / data analysis & discussion: This chapter should have a logical appearance of the empirical results after completing the data analysis. This should contain carefully tabulated results, results of hypotheses tested, graphs and figures, if any, along with necessary interpretation. A comparison of results with earlier studies may add novelty to the work. A thorough discussion on the basis of results of analysis should be given in this chapter.

v.                  Chapter vi: summary and conclusions:  This chapter should spotlight on broad explanation made by the study against each objective specific in the 2nd chapter. All observations should neatly be bulletined along with appropriate captions. This chapter should also give a concise list of conclusions drawn by the study and then provide necessary suggestion for the guiding principle makers / managers on future course of remedial action.

vi.                Bibliography : Every project work should have a list of books consulted for the topic studied, research reports, list of research articles and popular academic articles published in different journals be documented in standard pattern. It is also better to mention the websites referred for the resultant sources of materials.

vii.              Annexure: Every project report should contain necessary annexure wherein the proforma of questionnaire / interview schedule should be enclosed in original. Further, the Annual reports, research reports, used as supporting documents, if any, may also be enclosed here. The large database collected by the students may be enclosed as annexure to the research report.   Subject matter organized as above has to be neatly typed (with one and half line space and submitted in hard bound form.

SYBMS/BRM/06/Topic Selection

As it materializes to me, the most significant task before you is to select a topic, although you mention that you need as many topics as possible. Listing of too many topics can only increase your confusion in choosing out of them. Also, you need to choose a topic that is relevant for you. You can adopt step by step approach to select a topic that best meets your course requirements, as well as best suits your interests and abilities.

1.      Be clear about the research topic requirement as specified for the course.

2.      Be clear about the effort that you can put in the research assignments in terms of length of your report, time available for completion, and time effort and money you can spend on collecting data.

3.      Quickly identify about a dozen topics from your course material that you feel can be suitable.

4.      At this stage there is no need to examine each topic in great detail. 

5.      For each of the listed topics examine the feasibility of completing the research within your limitations. This should leave you with a short list of three or four most appropriate topics.

6.      Examine these topics in greater detail to see if all the information and other inputs required for the project will be available.

7.      At this stage you may also consider your own interest, it has to be your elective and yes your internship shall be in this area!

SYBMS/BRM/05/ Steps in project preparation

The basic steps one should follow while doing a project are as below:

1)      Topic Selection: you need to select an important topic which has substance in it and can draw the interest of the reader. An extensive research, an expert advice or even a professional help will be advantageous while selecting the topic. Always keep in mind your topic should be somewhat exceptional so that it draws the attraction of the addressees towards you and your work.

2)      Introduction and the project statement: the introduction of any project should be an indication of the complete work and logical with the background. A project statement needs to be written below the introduction which must be well planned, goal oriented and well balanced.

3)      The literature: the sources from which the documents of the project are taken should be completely genuine and applicable and should not depart from the objective or the main theme of project.

4)      Method of writing: every chapter should be logical, easy flowing, well coordinated with the other chapters, logical and original all at the same time. It requires a lot of time and effort to write a project report and you may even need professional help at times.

5)      Statistical data analysis: for every hypothesis mentioned in your project it is important to provide the required statistical data supporting it. A systematic analysis of the data adds value to your project.

6)      Conclusion: the conclusion of the Project is equally important as the foreword as it should contain a reflection or summary of the entire proposal. The end should be notable portraying the accurate viewpoint with which you are writing your Project.

7)      Formatting and editing: as a final touch these two steps are of giant importance. Every chapter, every table, examples and data should be put in correct order. The title page and the conclusion should be taken extra care of. Proof reading should be done number of times to get rid of any grammatical mistake, spelling mistakes or sentence structure error.

SYBMS/BRM/04/Guidelines for doing project

Every learner shall submit individual project. The topic / problem / theme for the project shall be suggested/ approved by the Course teacher or by the supervising teacher or by the coordinator of the Program. Every project shall have an internal guide who preferably must be the faculty of the college.

1.1         General outline as to formatting

1)      The project report, shall be neatly typed in Times Roman in 12 points double spaced on A4 size paper. The project report shall not be less than 50 pages.

2)      The project report, shall be hard bound and the title of the project, name of the learner, class, seat number, the name of the Internal Guide, the name of the college/department, date of submission and the name of the University shall be printed on the upper face of the hard bound copy / file.

3)       A learner shall submit two copies of the project at least one month before the commencement of the Viva Examination. Both the copies shall be certified by the internal guide / supervising teacher, the external guide and the Principal of the College / Head of the Department.

4)      One copy of the project shall be retained by the college/department and the other copy shall be returned to the learner after certification but before the commencement of the presentation and viva‐voce Examination.

5)      The learner shall bring his/her copy of the project during the Presentation and Viva‐voce Examination

1.2         Structure of the report

1)      Title of the project on first page with the name, seat number / roll number of the learner, name of the College/Department and the University

2)      A declaration from the learner that the project work is completed by him/her in person under the supervision of the internal guide and the external guide and that the contents of the project are not copied from any other source such as internet, earlier projects, text books etc.

3)      Certificate from the organization/enterprise/firm where project field work is conducted (for competing the project work)

4)      Certificate from the External Guide

5)      Acknowledgements

6)      Contents/Index

7)      Project report.

8)      Bibliography.

SYBFM/IV/Auditing/01(Syllabus)

SY BFM: Semester IV: Auditing Paper I

I.                     Unit I: Introduction to auditing

1)       Introduction

                    i.      Financial statements

                  ii.      Users of financial statements

                 iii.      Definition of auditing

                 iv.      Objectives of auditing: Primary and secondary objectives

                   v.      Expression of opinion

2)       Detection of frauds and errors

                    i.      Inherent limitations of audit

                  ii.      Errors and frauds

                 iii.      Concepts, Reasons and circumstances

                 iv.      Types of errors: Commission, Omission, Principle  and Compensating

                   v.      Types of fraud

                 vi.      Risk of fraud and error in audit

                vii.      Auditors duties and responsibilities in respect of frauds

3)       Types and principles of audit

                    i.      Principles of audit

1.        Integrity

2.        Objectivity

3.        Independence

4.        Confidence

5.        Skills and competence

6.        Materiality and work performed by others

7.        Documentation

8.        Planning

9.        Audit evidence

10.     Audit conclusions and reporting

                  ii.      Types of audit

1.        Meaning

2.        Advantages and disadvantages of balance sheet audit

3.        Interim audit

4.        Continuous audit

5.        Concurrent audit

6.        Annual audit

7.        Miscellaneous audit

8.        Advantages of independent audit

9.        Qualities of auditors

10.     Auditing vs. accounting

11.     Auditing vs. investigation

12.     View the concept of true and fair

II.                    Unit II: Audit planning, procedures and documentation

4)       Audit planning

                    i.      Objectives

                  ii.      Factors to be considered

                 iii.      Sources of obtaining information

                 iv.      Discussion with clients

                   v.      Overall audit plan

5)       Audit programme

a.        Meaning

b.        Factors to be considered

c.        Advantages

d.        Disadvantages

e.        Overcoming disadvantages

f.         Methods of work

g.        Instructions before commencing works of audit

h.        Overall audit approach

6)       Audit documentation

a.        Audit working papers meaning

b.        Importance

c.        Features

d.        Contents of permanent audit file

e.        Temporary audit file

f.         Ownership, custody, access of other parties to audit working papers

g.        Auditors lien on working papers, clients books

h.        Audit notebook: meaning, structure, contents,

i.         General information, current information and importance

III.                  Unit III: Auditing techniques: Test check, sampling

7)       Test checking

a.        Test checking vs.  Routine checking

b.        Test checking meaning,

c.        features,

d.        factors to be considered,

e.        when test checks can be used,

f.         Advantages, disadvantages and precautions

8)       Audit sampling

a.        Meaning

b.        Purpose

c.        Factors in determining sample size

d.        Sampling risk

e.        Tolerable error and expected error

9)       Methods of selecting sample items

a.        Evaluation of sample results

b.        Auditors liability in conducting audit based on sample

IV.                  Unit IV: Internal control and internal audit

10)    Internal control

a.        Meaning and purpose

b.        Review of internal control

c.        Advantages

d.        Auditors duties

11)    Review of internal control

a.        Inherent limitations

b.        Internal control samples

c.        for sales and debtors

d.        Purchase and creditors

e.        Wages and salaries

12)    Internal audit

a.        Meaning

b.        Basic principles

c.        Objectives

d.        Evaluation of internal audit by statutory auditor

e.        Usefulness of internal audit

f.         Internal audit vs. External audit

g.        Internal check vs. internal audit